Shamsoddin Ahmadi; Parviz Azadfallah; Hojjatollah Farahani
Abstract
Abstract: Purpose: The current study was performed to analyze and describe dominant relationship patterns among Iranian couples within the framework of object relation and Based on the formulation of the conflicts and challenges in the core conflictual relationship theme approach. Method: The study was ...
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Abstract: Purpose: The current study was performed to analyze and describe dominant relationship patterns among Iranian couples within the framework of object relation and Based on the formulation of the conflicts and challenges in the core conflictual relationship theme approach. Method: The study was performed in the framework of a qualitative content analysis. 41 participants(17 female and 24 male married subjects) took part in the assessment with respect of include criteria. The data was gathered through unstructured interviews and analyzed through content analysis method. Guba and Lincoln criteria were applied to prove validity and accuracy of the data. Results: By analyzing the data, four relationship patterns were found: 1)Pattern of “Concerned about the others' judgment, valuation and accusation”. 2)Pattern of “Concerned about the others' harmful reactions and their consequences”. 3)Pattern of “trying not to damage or upset others”. 4)Pattern of “not expressing the wishes because of not expecting to meet them”. Discussion and conclusion: The realized patterns are explainable based on psychodynamic theories especially the object relations approach which claims the individual relationships with the people around in the beginning years of life will internalize and then represent in adulthood occasions; and also based on the two important concepts of “transference distortion” and “repetition compulsion”. Indeed couples in communicational occasions, unconsciously apply the same patters they had internalized in the childhood. Findings of the study emphasize that emergence of the conflicts between couples cannot be analyzed only on the framework of current relations and tracing these problems in the “self –object” representations is necessary.
Mona Shivarani; Parviz Azadfallah; Alireza Moradi; Hosein Eskandari
Abstract
PTSD and depression are most prevalent disorders in traumatic events. This research studies reducing symptoms of PTSD and comorbid depression through narrative exposure therapy (NET). NET incorporated many of exposure elements with additional focus of clearly documenting the atrocities endured. 24 betrayed ...
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PTSD and depression are most prevalent disorders in traumatic events. This research studies reducing symptoms of PTSD and comorbid depression through narrative exposure therapy (NET). NET incorporated many of exposure elements with additional focus of clearly documenting the atrocities endured. 24 betrayed women with PTSD and depression were randomized in experiment and control groups. Participants were clinically interviewed and filled out impact of event scale-revised (IES-R) and Beck Depression inventory (BDI) for three times; once before and once after 8 sessions of experiment group’s therapy. Third time was three months after therapy. Data were analyzed using repeated measures variances analysis. PTSD and its two parameters (intrusion & hyperarousal) significantly reduce in experiment group, immediately after therapy and in three months follow up. Depression also reduces significantly immediately after therapy and continues to reduce three months after therapy. According to this study, NET is beneficial therapy for PTSD even in social fields. NET successfulness in Iranian culture is ascribed to narrative aspect of NET. This study endorses that extra-marital relationship causes PTSD in victims.
